نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه آموزش ریاضی، دانشگاه فرهنگیان، تهران، ایران

2 گروه آموزش علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه فرهنگیان تهران، ایران.

3 گروه مهندسی کامپیوتر، دانشگاه ملی مهارت، تهران، ایران

4 کارشناس آموزش ریاضی، دانشگاه فرهنگیان، پردیس علامه امینی، تبریز، ایران

چکیده

هوش مصنوعی و کاربردهای آن در حیطه آموزش، تدریس، و یادگیری با ظهور ابزارهایی همچون چت جی‌پی‌تی و دیگر ابزارهای پس از آن از سال ۲۰۲۲ به بعد، در حال شکوفایی و همچنین ایجاد چالش‌های جدیدی در عرصه تدریس و یادگیری است. ازاین‌رو هدف از این تحقیق، مرور نظام‌مند چالش‌های کاربست هوش مصنوعی در تدریس و یادگیری در سطح آموزش عالی است. در این تحقیق بر اساس سؤال و ماهیت تحقیق، از روش مرور نظام‌مند در بخش انتخاب و گزینش منابع و از روش تحلیل محتوای گرانهایم و لاندمن در بخش تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها استفاده شده است. بر اساس این روش‌ها و با استفاده از پروتکل پریزما، ۸۵۱ منبع شناسایی و پالایش شدند و در نهایت ۳۹ منبع معتبر وارد جریان رفت و برگشتی تجزیه‌وتحلیل شدند. در بخش تجزیه‌وتحلیل نیز واحدهای معنایی، واحدها و کدهای فشرده، زیر طبقه‌ها و طبقه‌های اصلی چالش‌ها شناسایی و برچسب‌گذاری شدند. پس از تجزیه‌وتحلیل‌های مستمر و رفت و برگشتی بر روی منابع معتبر، ۱۲ زیر طبقه شناسایی شدند که در نهایت منجر به شکل‌گیری ۵ طبقه اصلی در ارتباط با چالش‌های هوش مصنوعی در تدریس و یادگیری در آموزش عالی شد. این تحقیق ۵ طبقه چالش کلیدی در استفاده از هوش مصنوعی را آشکار ساخت که شامل چالش‌ اخلاقی، فنّی، خط‌مشی، طراحی آموزشی و سواد هوش مصنوعی بود. در آخر مقاله، پیشنهادهای کاربردی برای دست‌اندرکاران، سیاست‌گذاران، مدرسان و یادگیرندگان آورده شده و همچنین پیشنهادهای پژوهشی برای تحقیقات آینده موردبحث واقع شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

A Systematic Review of the Challenges of Using Artificial Intelligence in Teaching and Learning in Higher Education

نویسندگان [English]

  • sohrab azimpour 1
  • Mohammad shahliz 2
  • shahin pour bahrami 3
  • Amir Mohsen Taheri Kordkandi 4

1 Department of Mathematics Education, Farhangian University, Tehran,, Iran

2 Department of Educational Sciences, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran.

3 Department of Computer Engineering, National University of Skills (NUS), Tehran, Iran.

4 Mathematics Education Expert, Farhangian University, Allameh Amini Campus, Tabriz, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Artificial intelligence and its applications in the field of instruction, teaching, and learning, with the emergence of tools such as Chat GPT and other tools after 2022, are creating new challenges in the teaching and learning. Therefore, the aim of this study is to systematically review the challenges of using artificial intelligence in teaching and learning in higher education. In this study, based on the question and the nature of the research, the systematic review method was used in the selection of sources, and Granheim and Lundman's content analysis method was used in the data analysis section. Based on these methods and using the PRISMA protocol, 851 sources were identified and refined, and finally 39 valid sources were included in the round-trip analysis. In the analysis section, meaning units, condensed meaning units and compressed codes, subclasses and main classes of challenges were identified and labeled. After continuous and back-and-forth analyzes on reliable sources, 12 subcategories were identified, which finally led to the formation of 5 main categories related to the challenges of artificial intelligence in teaching and learning in higher education. This research revealed 5 classes of key challenges in the use of artificial intelligence, which included ethical, technical, policy, educational design and artificial intelligence challenges. At the end of the article, practical suggestions for policy makers, teachers and learners are given, as well as research suggestions for future research are discussed.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Teaching
  • Learning
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Challenges
  • Higher Education
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